Fort Assinniboine

FORT ASSINNIBOINE, the largest military post in Montana was constructed in 1879 and actively used through 1911. The site  is now the home of the Northern Agriculture Research Center, operated by Montana State University.

Fort Assinniboine is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Fort Assinniboine Preservation Association conducts regular guided tours of the site during the summer months.

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Find out more about what makes Fort Assinniboine a majestic reminder of Montana’s frontier heritage »

SPECIAL EVENT- LIVING HISTORY

A full slate of fun and educational activities is planned for Living History on June 6th.

The day’s activities begin at 10 a.m. with tours of Fort Assinniboine from the comfort of the Black Jack Wagon.  Use of the Black Jack Wagon allows us to give an extended tour of the historic fort which gives the visitor a more impressive view of the size and grandeur that was Fort Assinniboine.   The special price for these tours is only seven dollars.

Also available to help start the day will be free coffee and cookies.

Available again this year will be the Bullhook Bottoms Black Powder Club.  The club will be showing off their large collection of antique firearms and also giving some lucky youngsters the opportunity to pull the cord that fires their cannon.

If you bring your appetite with you, a free will offering lunch will be provided.  The menu this year will be pulled pork with pork-n- beans, chips and a beverage. 

The fort Interpretive Center and museum will be open for inspection and our guests will be able to inspect our selection of gift shop items for sale.  These items include books, post cards and enhanced slate roof tiles that once covered one of the buildings at the fort. In addition to the Interpretive Center, the Officer’s Amusement Hall and the Guard House being open for viewing, a new feature this year will be a never seen before BOQ apartment.  Tours of this feature have been requested for years and we are finally able to make it available.

The day will also include several individuals wearing period costumes.  These will include 19th century infantry uniform, a 19th century 7th Cavalry uniform and a Royal Canadian Mounted Police uniform.

The special tours will end at 3:00 p.m.

Sax Cadillac and the Other Brothas and Sistas Band is also expected to make an appearance during the festivities.

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  DATES & TIMES

Open 7 days a week from 9am to 5pm

  PRICING

Adults- $10

Children Ages 6-12- $7

Seniors- $9

Military (w/ valid photo ID on site)- $9

Prices subject to change.

LOCATION

Located 6 miles South of Havre, Montana. See the map below for directions.

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TIMELINE

CONSTRUCTION of the fort began in May of 1879 and was mostly completed by 1881.  However, like most military forts even today, construction and upgrading was continuous through about 1905.

SITTING BULL was captured in 1881, but not at Fort Assinniboine.  This is only significant in that Sitting Bull’s presence in Canada was a primary reason for the Fort’s construction.

IN 1885 THE REIL REBELLION led to increased problems with refugee Canadian Cree Indians who fearing possible arrest and execution by the Canadian Government flooded across the border, spreading out into Montana.  This created continual problems during the life of the fort as the troops were called on to round up and relocate the Cree back across the border. During the years of 1887-1888 dozens of skirmishes with the Cree were reported.

1892 THE FIRST TWO COMPANIES of Black 10th Calvary were assigned to Fort Assinniboine.  The whole regiment was assigned to the fort after the close of Fort Custer.  Eventually companies of the 24th and 25th Black Infantry would also be assigned to the fort making Assinniboine predominantly an all Black fort.

 In 1895 FIRST LT. JOHN J. PERSHING arrived and  was placed in charge of a company of Black 10th Calvary troops.  He gained a good reputation working well with the Buffalo Soldiers, carrying out one of the largest round ups of nearly 600 Cree and relocating them to Canada.  Pershing eventually rose through the ranks to become the highest ranking general in American History with the equivalent rank of six stars.  He was also appointed the commander of all American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during WW I.

1898 THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR broke out.  Black troops at Fort Assinniboine were immediately put on trains and shipped to Georgia and Florida to train for the invasion of Cuba.  At the time it was believed that Black troops were immune to certain tropical diseases making Black troops extremely valuable.

IN MAY 1898 CHAPLAIN WILLIAM T. ANDERSON  became the commander of Fort Assinniboine.  Anderson was the first Black officer to ever command an American military fort/post. His command only lasted through May and June, at which time the white Major J. M. Kelley took over command.  Only 19 troops remained on the post after the start of the war.

LATE 1902 FORT ASSINNIBOINE reached its highest number of troops at 843.  Major expansion and rebuilding of many of the forts structures began at this time as barracks and other facilities were remodeled and expanded.

IN 1911 A FIRE that destroyed the hot water tower prompting the military to close Fort Assinniboine.

IN 1915 THE PROPERTY was assigned to be an Agricultural Research Station. View the NARC Land Office Document»

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FORT ASSINNIBOINE, the largest military post constructed in Montana, was established in 1879. Within four years, a stately, impressive complex of some one hundred brick, stone, and wood buildings was clustered around the parade ground. Overlooking the quiet meandering of Beaver Creek, and in the shadow of the Bear Paw Mountains the fort buildings were surrounded by a vast military reservation of 700,000 acres. The Fort was designed to house ten companies of soldiers, both infantry and cavalry. The troopers were in charge of monitoring the activities of the many Indian groups living in the region, as well as protecting them and the citizens of Montana from invasions by Canadian tribal bands. In its hay day, nearly 1,000 officers, enlisted men, and civillians called Assinniboine home.

VIEW THE MAP OF FORTS IN THE SURROUNDING AREA»

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE PEOPLE WHO LIVED AT FORT ASSINNIBOINE »

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THE FORT, one of northern Montana’s earliest outposts, was a busy self contained city. Bakery, laundry, a barbershop and blacksmith facilities were in operation, as were a general store, post office, hotel, and restaurant. For recreation, the post band gave regular concerts, and the men engaged in such sport activities as baseball, track, and boxing. Other diversions offered included a library for reading, card playing, and checkers, plus an enlisted men’s amusement center housed in the regimental band barracks. The lifestyle was routine, with the men largely spared from battle activity.

VIEW MORE PHOTOS OF FORT ASSINNIBOINE »

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BY THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY, Montana’s frontier was drawing to a close, and the fort was surrounded by homesteads and the trappings of “Civilization”. The post was finally closed in 1911, and the state of Montana turned the site into an agricultural experiment station, ran by Montana State University. Today much of the fort is gone, but the surviving buildings are a proud and majestic reminder of Montana’s frontier heritage.

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